Hugo and Russell's Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 9ed, An Indian Adaptation
ISBN: 9789357467933
628 pages
Exclusive to CBS Publishers and Distributors
For more information write to us at: acadmktg@wiley.com
Description
Hugo and Russell's Pharmaceutical Microbiology has long served as the sole comprehensive textbook covering the subject. The ninth edition of this textbook has been updated to a critical new period in the advancement of medical and pharmaceutical research and development. Its experienced editors have incorporated contributions from subject experts and created a text which will serve the next generation of pharmacy students, pharmaceutical industry scientists and researchers. Material covering the fundamentals of microbiology, microbial behaviour, laboratory investigation, microbe-host interactions, antibiotic resistance, emerging pathogens, public health microbiology, healthcare-associated infection and pharmaceutical product manufacture.
This Indian adaptation of the ninth edition contains up-to-date coverage of transposition, Koch's Postulates, ESKAPE pathogens and Rotavirus vaccination. It also offers integrated coverage of SARS-CoV-2 and the impacts of COVID-19, relating it to the importance of an interdisciplinary response to a global pandemic. The edition also focuses on strengthening the organization of the content, thus presenting a brand-new experience to the reader. Additionally, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) have been included.
Part 1 Introducing Pharmaceutical Microbiology
1 Introduction to Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Brendan F. Gilmore and Stephen P. Denyer
1.1 Pharmaceutical Microbiology: Microorganisms and Medicines
1.2 Scope and Content of the Book
Multiple Choice Questions
Part 2 Biology of Microorganisms
2 Fundamental Features of Microbiology
Norman Hodges and Stephen P. Denyer
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Naming of Microorganisms
2.3 Microbial Metabolism
2.4 Microbial Cultivation
2.5 Enumeration of Microorganisms
2.6 Microbial Genetics
2.7 Pharmaceutical Importance of the Major Categories of Microorganisms
2.8 Preservation of Microorganisms
Multiple Choice Questions
3 Bacteria
David Allison
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Bacterial Ultrastructure
3.3 Bacterial Sporulation
3.4 Bacterial Toxins
3.5 Bacterial Reproduction and Growth Kinetics
3.6 Environmental Factors that Influence Growth and Survival
3.7 Detection, Identification and Characterisation of Organisms of Pharmaceutical and Medical Significance
3.8 Pharmaceutically and Medically Relevant Microorganisms
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
4 Fungi
Kevin Kavanagh
4.1 What Are Fungi?
4.2 Structure of the Fungal Cell
4.3 Medical Significance of Fungi
4.4 Antifungal Therapy
4.5 Medically Important Fungal Pathogens of Humans
4.6 Emerging Fungal Pathogens
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
5 Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents: Characteristics and Control
Timofey Skvortsov and Jean-Yves Maillard
5.1 Introduction
5.2 General Structure of Viruses
5.3 Virus–Host Cell Interactions
5.4 Multiplication of Human Viruses
5.5 Cultivation of Human Viruses
5.6 Viral Epidemics and Pandemics
5.7 Control of Viruses
5.8 Biotechnological Applications of Viruses
5.9 Bacterial Viruses
5.10 Subviral Infectious Agents and Prions
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
6 Protozoa
Tim Paget
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Blood and Tissue Parasites
6.3 Intestinal Parasites
6.4 Trichomonas and Free-living Amoebae
6.5 Host Response to Infection
6.6 Detection of Parasites
6.7 Control of Protozoan Parasites
Acknowledgement
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
Part 3 Pathogens and Host Response
7 Principles of Microbial Pathogenicity and Epidemiology
David Allison and Andrew J. McBain
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Human Microbiome
7.3 Portals of Entry
7.4 Consolidation
7.5 Manifestation of Disease
7.6 Damage to Tissues
7.7 Recovery from Infection: the Exit of Microorganisms
7.8 Epidemiology of Infectious Disease
7.9 ESKAPE Pathogens
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
8 Microbial Biofilms: Consequences for Health
Brendan F. Gilmore
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biofilms
8.3 Tolerance of Biofilms to Antimicrobials
8.4 Mechanisms of Biofilm Tolerance
8.5 Treatment of Chronic Biofilm Infections
Acknowledgements
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
9 Immunology
Mark Gumbleton and Mathew W. Smith
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Innate Immune System
9.3 The Humoral Adaptive Immune System
9.4 Cell-mediated Adaptive Immune System
9.5 Some Clinical Perspectives
9.6 Summary
Dedication
Reference
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
10 Vaccination and Immunisation
Gavin J. Humphreys and Andrew J. McBain
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Spread of Infection
10.3 Objectives of a Vaccine/Immunisation Programme
10.4 Classes of Immunity
10.5 Types of Vaccine
10.6 Routine Immunisation against Infectious Disease
10.7 The Routine Childhood Immunisation Programme
10.8 Immunisation of the Over 65s and Other Risk Groups
10.9 Regulatory Approval of Vaccines
Acknowledgements
Further
Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
Part 4 Prescribing Therapeutics and Infection Control
11 Antibiotics and Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents: Their Properties and Uses
Brendan F. Gilmore
11.1 Antibiotic Development, Past and Present
11.2 β-Lactam Antibiotics
11.3 Tetracyclines
11.4 Macrolides
11.5 Sulphonamides and Trimethoprim
11.6 Quinolones
11.7 Aminoglycosides
11.8 Glycopeptides
11.9 Antitubercular Drugs
11.10 Newer Antibiotics for MRSA and Other Gram-positive Cocci Infections
11.11 Miscellaneous Antibacterial Antibiotics
11.12 Antifungal Antibiotics
11.13 Antibiotic Production by Fungi
11.14 Antiviral Drugs
11.15 Microbiological Assay of Antibiotics
Acknowledgements
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
12 Mechanisms of Action of Antibiotics and Synthetic Anti-infective Agents
Peter Lambert
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Microbial Cell Wall
12.3 Protein Synthesis
12.4 Chromosome Function and Replication
12.5 Folate Antagonists
12.6 The Cytoplasmic Membrane
12.7 Repurposing of Antibiotics
References
Further
Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
13 Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics
Brendan F. Gilmore and Stephen P. Denyer
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Origins of Resistance
13.3 Mechanisms of Resistance
13.4 Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics
13.5 Resistance to Glycopeptide Antibiotics
13.6 Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
13.7 Resistance to Tetracycline Antibiotics
13.8 Resistance to Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics
13.9 Resistance to Macrolide, Lincosamide and Streptogramin Antibiotics
13.10 Resistance to Chloramphenicol
13.11 Resistance to Oxazolidinone Antibiotics
13.12 Resistance to Trimethoprim
13.13 Resistance to Mupirocin
13.14 Resistance to the Polymyxin Antibiotic Colistin (Polymyxin E)
13.15 Resistance to the Lipopeptide Antibiotic Daptomycin
13.16 Resistance to Antimycobacterial Therapy
13.17 Multiple Drug Resistance
13.18 Clinical Resistance, MICs, Breakpoints, Phenotypic Resistance and Outcome
13.19 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
14 Clinical Uses of Antimicrobial Drugs
Hayley Wickens and Conor Jamieson
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Principles of Use of Antimicrobial Drugs
14.3 Clinical Use
14.4 Antibiotic Policies
Acknowledgements
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
15 Antibiotic Prescribing and Antimicrobial Stewardship
Rebecca Craig
15.1 The Need for Antimicrobial Stewardship
15.2 Antibiotic Consumption
15.3 Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes
15.4 Monitoring Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
16 Infection Prevention and Control: Healthcare-associated Infection
Elaine Cloutman-Green
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Defining Healthcare-associated Infections
16.3 Microorganisms Implicated in Healthcare-associated Infection
16.4 Standard IPC Interventions for the Management and Prevention of HCAI
16.5 Impact of the Clinical Setting on Infection Prevention and Control
16.6 Measuring Impact and Success
16.7 Professional Support for Infection Prevention and Control
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
Part 5 Contamination and Contamination Control
17 Microbial Spoilage, Infection Risk and Contamination Control
Rosamund M. Baird
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Spoilage: Chemical and Physicochemical Deterioration of Pharmaceuticals
17.3 Hazard to Health
17.4 Sources and Control of Contamination
17.5 Factors Determining the Outcome of a Medicament-borne Infection
17.6 Preservation of Medicines Using Antimicrobial Agents: Basic Principles
17.7 Quality Assurance and the Control of Microbial Risk in Medicines
17.8 Overview
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
18 Chemical Disinfectants, Antiseptics and Preservatives
Sean P. Gorman and Brendan F. Gilmore
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Factors Affecting Choice of Antimicrobial Agent
18.3 Types of Compound
18.4 Disinfection Policies
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
19 Laboratory Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents
Brendan F. Gilmore and Sean P. Gorman
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Factors Affecting the Antimicrobial Activity of Disinfectants
19.3 Evaluation of Liquid Disinfectants
19.4 Evaluation of Solid Disinfectants
19.5 Evaluation of Air Disinfectants
19.6 Evaluation of Preservatives
19.7 Rapid Evaluation Procedures
19.8 Evaluation of Potential Chemotherapeutic Antimicrobials
19.9 Tests for Biofilm Susceptibility
Acknowledgement
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
20 Microbicides: Mode of Action and Resistance
Stephen P. Denyer and Jean-Yves
Maillard
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Mechanisms of Interaction
20.3 Antimicrobial Effects
20.4 Mechanisms of Action
20.5 Enhancing Activity
20.6 Mechanisms of Resistance to Microbicides
20.7 Viricidal Activity of Microbicides
20.8 Microbicides and Protozoa
20.9 Microbicides and Fungi
20.10 Inactivation of Prions
20.11 Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
21 Sterilisation Procedures and Sterility Assurance
Alistair K. Brown and Stephen P. Denyer
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Sensitivity of Microorganisms
21.3 Sterilisation Methods
21.4 Heat Sterilisation
21.5 Gaseous Sterilisation
21.6 Radiation Sterilisation
21.7 Filtration Sterilisation
21.8 Newer Sterilisation Technologies
21.9 Sterilisation Control and Sterility Assurance
21.10 Bioburden Determinations
21.11 Environmental Monitoring
21.12 Validation and In-process Monitoring of Sterilisation Procedures
21.13 Sterility Testing
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
Part 6 Pharmaceutical Production
22 Sterile Pharmaceutical Products and Principles of Good Manufacturing Practice
Tim Sandle
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Defining Sterility
22.3 Sterilisation Methods
22.4 Demonstrating Sterility
22.5 Types of Sterile Product
22.6 Good Manufacturing Practices for Sterile Products
22.7 Sterility Assurance and the Manufacture of Sterile Products
22.8 Terminal Sterilisation and Aseptic Processing
22.9 Cleanrooms and Facility Design
22.10 Operating Principles for Aseptic Processing
22.11 Minimising Human Intervention
22.12 Personnel
22.13 Media Simulation Trials
22.14 Quality Risk Management
22.15 Environmental Monitoring
22.16 Release of Sterile Products
22.17 Summary
Acknowledgements
Reference
Further
Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
23 The Manufacture and Quality Control of Immunological Products
Tim Sandle
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Vaccines
23.3 In Vivo Diagnostics
23.4 Immune Sera
23.5 Human Immunoglobulins
23.6 Monoclonal Antibodies
Acknowledgements
References
Further Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
24 Recombinant DNA Technology
Miguel Cámara and Stephan Heeb
24.1 Introduction: Biotechnology in the Pharmaceutical Sciences
24.2 Enabling Techniques
24.3 Production of Heterologous Proteins
24.4 Biotechnology in the Pharmaceutical Industry
24.5 New Diagnostics Using Recombinant DNA Technology
Further
Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
Part 7 Current Trends and New Directions
25 The Wider Contribution of Microbiology to the Pharmaceutical Sciences
Mathew W. Smith, James C. Birchall, and Sion A. Coulman
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Pharmaceuticals Produced by Microorganisms
25.3 Applications of Microorganisms in the Partial Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
25.4 Applications of Microorganisms in the Discovery of Pharmaceuticals
25.5 Use of Microorganisms and Their Products in Assays
25.6 Use of Microorganisms as Models of Mammalian Drug Metabolism
25.7 Microorganisms as Therapy
25.8 Insecticides
25.9 Bioterrorism
25.10 Concluding
Remarks
Further
Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
26 Alternative Strategies to Antibiotics: Priorities for Development
Brendan F. Gilmore
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Bacteriophage Therapy
26.3 Bacteriophage Lysins
26.4 Vaccines and Immunotherapies
26.5 Probiotics
26.6 Antimicrobial Peptides
26.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Further
Reading
Multiple Choice Questions
Index