1. Unit One: Genesis of the Constitution 1
Unit Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Constitutional Underpinnings during British Rule 3
Chapter 2 Integration of Princely States 21
Chapter 3 Making of the Constitution and Constituent Assembly 31
Chapter 4 Authoritative Hindi Text of the Constitution of India 43
Chapter 5 National Identity and Symbols 46
Chapter 6 Outstanding Features of the Indian Constitution 49
2. Unit Two: Core Facets of the Constitution 57
Unit Introduction 57
Chapter 7 Preamble of the Constitution 59
Chapter 8 Union and Its Territories 68
Chapter 9 Citizenship 85
Chapter 10 Fundamental Rights – I 109
Chapter 11 Fundamental Rights – II 118
Chapter 12 Directive Principles of State Policy 156
Chapter 13 Fundamental Duties 177
Chapter 14 Basic Structure Doctrine of the Constitution 182
Chapter 15 Amendment to the Constitution 188
3. Unit Three: System of Government 193
Unit Introduction 193
Chapter 16 Parliamentary System 195
Chapter 17 Federal System 205
Chapter 18 Centre-State Relations 211
Chapter 19 Inter-State Relations 226
Chapter 20 NITI Aayog erstwhile Planning Commission 238
Chapter 21 Emergency Provisions 242
4. Unit Four: Central Government 261
Unit Introduction 261
Chapter 22 President of India 263
Chapter 23 Vice President of India 273
Chapter 24 Prime Minister 276
Chapter 25 Union Council of Ministers 281
Chapter 26 Cabinet Committees 291
Chapter 27 Parliament 295
Chapter 28 Parliamentary Committees 319
Chapter 29 Parliamentary Forums 332
Chapter 30 Parliamentary Groups 337
5. Unit Five: State Government 341
Unit Introduction 341
Chapter 31 Governor 343
Chapter 32 Chief Minister 353
Chapter 33 State Council of Ministers 358
Chapter 34 State Legislature 363
Chapter 35 Special Provisions for Some States 374
6. Unit Six: Local Government 381
Unit Introduction 381
Chapter 36 Rural Local Government: Panchayats 383
Chapter 37 Urban Local Government: Municipalities 394
7. Unit Seven: Judiciary and Administration of Justice 405
Unit Introduction 405
Chapter 38 Supreme Court 407
Chapter 39 High Courts 417
Chapter 40 District Courts, Family Court and Gram Nyayalayas 424
Chapter 41 Tribunals 438
Chapter 42 Judicial Review 442
Chapter 43 Judicial Activism 449
Chapter 44 Public Interest Litigation 455
Chapter 45 Attorney General and Solicitor General of India 461
Chapter 46 Advocate General of the State 465
Chapter 47 Legal Aid Services, Authorities and Lok Adalats 467
Chapter 48 Advocates and Bar Councils 479
Chapter 49 Criminal Justice System 484
8. Unit Eight: Union Territories, Special Areas and Region 497
Unit Introduction 497
Chapter 50 Union Territories 499
Chapter 51 Scheduled and Tribal Areas 511
Chapter 52 North East India 519
9. Unit Nine: Other Aspects of the Constitution 535
Unit Introduction 535
Chapter 53 Goods and Services Tax 537
Chapter 54 Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities 541
Chapter 55 Comptroller and Auditor General of India 543
Chapter 56 National Development Council 548
Chapter 57 Cooperative Societies 551
Chapter 58 Official Language 555
Chapter 59 Public Services 559
Chapter 60 Property, Contract, Rights and Liabilities of the Government 567
Chapter 61 Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes 570
10. Unit Ten: Elections and Politics 579
Unit Introduction 579
Chapter 62 Party System 581
Chapter 63 Political Parties 588
Chapter 64 Pressure Groups and Interest Groups 606
Chapter 65 Coalition Politics and Government 614
Chapter 66 Election Laws and Rules 620
Chapter 67 Election System and Management 627
Chapter 68 Election Process 636
Chapter 69 Election Reforms 643
Chapter 70 Anti Defection Law 651
11. Unit Eleven: Constitutional Commissions 655
Unit Introduction 655
Chapter 71 Election Commission 657
Chapter 72 Finance Commission 664
Chapter 73 Union Public Service Commission 668
Chapter 74 State Public Service Commission 672
Chapter 75 National Commission for Scheduled Castes 675
Chapter 76 National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 678
Chapter 77 National Commission for Backward Classes 681
12. Unit Twelve: Statutory Commissions 685
Unit Introduction 685
Chapter 78 National Human Rights Commission 687
Chapter 79 State Human Rights Commission and District
Human Rights Courts 698
Chapter 80 Central Information Commission 703
Chapter 81 State Information Commission 706
Chapter 82 National Commission for Women 710
Chapter 83 National Commission for Protection of Child Rights 715
Chapter 84 National Commission for Minorities 720
13. Unit Thirteen: Disaster Management and Consumer Protection 727
Unit Introduction 727
Chapter 85 National, State and District Disaster Management Agencies 729
Chapter 86 National, State and District Consumer Dispute Redressal Commissions 734
14. Unit Fourteen: Vigilance and Investigation 745
Unit Introduction 745
Chapter 87 Central Vigilance Commission 747
Chapter 88 Central Bureau of Investigation 752
Chapter 89 National Investigation Agency 757
Chapter 90 Enforcement Directorate 761
Chapter 91 Serious Fraud Investigation Office and Directorate of Revenue Intelligence 763
Chapter 92 Lokpal and Lokayuktas 766
15. Unit Fifteen: Working of the Constitution 773
Unit Introduction 773
Chapter 93 National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution 775
Appendices
Appendix 1 List of the Constitutional Amendments 797
Appendix 2 List of the Salary of the Constitutional Functionaries 816
Appendix 3 Schedules of the Constitution of India and Related Articles 821
Appendix 4 Distribution of Subjects under the Seventh Schedule (Union List I, State List II and Concurrent List III) 823
Appendix 5 Notable Judicial Doctrines 832
Appendix 6 Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2025 Indian Polity Questions with Answers and Explanation 836
Appendices (Available Online)
Appendix 1 Brief of the Constitution of India containing 26 Parts, 448 Articles, 12 Schedules
Appendix 2 List of the Chief Justices of India from 1950 Onwards
Appendix 3 List of the Speakers of Lok Sabha
Appendix 4 List of the General Elections to Lok Sabha
Appendix 5 Order of Precedence
Appendix 6 Flag Code of India
Appendix 7 Amendments to the Flag Code of India
Appendix 8 UPSC Syllabus of Civil Services
Appendix 9 Status of the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and Members of the Constitutional, Statutory and other Commissions
Appendix 10 State and Union Territory wise Strength of the State Legislatures (Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly)
Appendix 11 Civil Services Preliminary Examination Previous 12 Years’ Indian Polity Questions with Answers
