Engineering Physics, As per AICTE
ISBN: 9788126521418
804 pages
Description
The Engineering Physics course is designed with an objective to build a solid foundation in fundamentals
of physics and relate these to engineering applications. This book offers complete coverage of the course as per the latest AICTE recommended curriculum. Starting with Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory, the book covers concepts in Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics important from engineering
perspective and then topics in Oscillations, Waves and Optics.
1. Electrostatics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electric Field and Electrostatic Potential for a Charge Distribution
1.3 Divergence and Curl of Electrostatic Field
1.4 Laplace’s and Poisson’s Equation for Electrostatic Potential (General Theory)
1.5 Electrostatics in Practical Applications
1.6 Boundary Conditions of Electric Field and Electrostatic Potential
1.7 Method of Images
1.8 Energy of a Charge Distribution and Its Expression in Terms of Electric Field
2 Electrostatics in Linear Dielectric Medium
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Electrostatic Field and Electrostatic Potential of a Dipole
2.3 Bound Charges due to Electric Polarization
2.4 Electric Displacement
2.5 Boundary Conditions on Displacement
2.6 Solving Simple Electrostatics Problems (in Presence of Dielectrics)
3 Fundamentals of Magnetostatics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Current and Current Density
3.3 Biot–Savart Law: Magnetic Induction of a Steady Current
3.4 Divergence and Curl of a Magnetic Field
3.5 Maxwell’s Equations
3.6 Magnetic Potentials
4 Magnetostatics in Linear Magnetic Medium
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Magnetization and Bound Currents
4.3 Auxiliary Magnetic Field H Vector (
)
4.4 Magnetic Susceptibility and Ferromagnetic, Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials
4.5 Magnetic Field in Presence of Magnetic Materials – Qualitatively
4.6 Solving for Magnetic Field – For Simple Magnets Like Bar Magnet
5 Electromagnetic Induction – Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Magnetic Flux
5.3 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
5.4 Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
5.5 Motional EMF
5.6 Eddy Currents and Electromagnetic Braking
5.7 Differential Form of Faraday’s Law: Electric Field due to a Magnetic Field
5.8 Calculating Electric Field due to Changing Magnetic Fields in Quasi-Static Approximation
5.9 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field by a Coil (or Solenoid or Inductor)
6 Electromagnetism: Displacement Current, Magnetic Field due to Time-Dependent Electric Field and Maxwell’s Equations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Continuity Equation for Current Densities
6.3 Modifying Equation for the Curl of a Magnetic Field
6.4 Displacement Current and a Magnetic Field Arising from Time-Dependent Electric Field
6.5 Calculating Magnetic Field due to Changing Electric Field in Quasi-Static Approximation
6.6 Maxwell’s Equations
6.7 Energy in Electromagnetic Field (Poynting’s Theorem)
6.8 Energy Flow and Poynting Vector
6.9 Discussion of Momentum in Electromagnetic Fields – Qualitatively
7 Electromagnetic Waves
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Wave Equation 1
7.3 Plane Electromagnetic Waves in Vacuum and Their Transverse Nature
7.4 Relation between Electric and Magnetic Fields of Electromagnetic Wave
7.5 Energy Carried by Electromagnetic Waves and Resultant Pressure
7.6 Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence
8 Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Transformation of Scalar and Vector Quantities
8.3 Forces in Nature
8.4 Newton’s Laws of Motion and Their Completeness in Describing Particle Motion
8.5 Form Invariance of Newton’s Second Law and Galilean Transformation
8.6 Newtons Equations in Cartesian and Polar Coordinate Systems
8.7 Problems Including Constraints and Friction
8.8 Extension to Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinate Systems
9 Mechanics – Central Force Problems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Potential Energy Function
9.3 Equipotential Surfaces
9.4 Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces
9.5 Meaning of Gradient
9.6 Curl of a Force Field
9.7 Central Forces
9.8 Conservation of Angular Momentum
9.9 General Equation of an Orbit
9.10 Motion under Central Force
9.11 Differential Equation for the Orbit
9.12 Energy Equation and Energy Diagrams
9.13 Kepler Problem: Inverse Square Law
10 Frames of Reference
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Rotating Frames
10.3 Applications of Coriolis Force
11 Basics of Harmonic Motion
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Vibrations and Small Oscillations
11.3 Simple Harmonic Oscillator
11.4 Some Important Examples of Simple Harmonic Oscillators
11.5 Damped Harmonic Oscillator
11.6 Damping in an LCR Oscillator
11.7 Forced (or Driven) Harmonic Oscillator
11.8 LCR in Series Driven by External Sinusoidal Voltage: Electrical Resonance in a Forced Harmonic Oscillator
12 Rigid Body Dynamics: Rotation and Translation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Degrees of Freedom of a Rigid Body
12.3 Kinetic Energy of Rotating Body
12.4 Definition of a Rigid Body
12.5 Principal Axes
12.6 Euler’s Equation of Motion for a Rigid Body
13 Rigid Body Dynamics: Two- and Three-Dimensional Motion
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Two- and Three-Dimensional Motion
13.3 Rigid Bodies
14 Introduction of Quantum Mechanics: Wave Nature of Particles and Schrödinger Equation
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Wave Nature of Particles – The de Broglie Hypothesis
14.3 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
14.4 Schrödinger’s Wave Equation
14.5 Born Interpretation of Wave Function
14.6 Limitations on ψ
14.7 Orthogonal, Normalized and Orthonormal Function
14.8 Probability Current Density
14.9 Expectation Values
14.10 Uncertainty Principle
14.11 Uncertainty Principle – Thought Experiments
14.12 Applications of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
15 Quantum Mechanics: Mathematical Preliminaries
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Complex Numbers
15.3 Linear Vector Space
15.4 Operators
15.5 Hermite Polynomials
15.6 Legendre Differential Equation
16 Applications of Schrödinger Equation
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Particle Enclosed within One-Dimensional Box
16.3 Delta Function Potential
16.4 Square Well Potential of Finite Depth
16.5 Potential Barrier Problem
16.6 Radioactive Disintegration by a-Particles
16.7 Field Ionization
16.8 Scanning Tunneling Microscope
16.9 Linear Harmonic Oscillator
16.10 Three-Dimensional Problems
16.11 Angular Momentum Operators
16.12 Orbitals
16.13 Numerical Solution of Stationary-State Radial Schrödinger Equation for Spherically
17 Introduction to Molecular Bonding
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Double Delta Function Potential
17.3 Singlet and Triplet States
17.4 Chemical Bonding
17.5 Hybridization
18 Introduction to Solids
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Classical Free Electron Theory
18.3 Sommerfeld Quantum Theory
18.4 Bloch Theorem
18.5 Kronig–Penney Model
18.6 Numerical Solution for Energy in One-Dimensional Periodic Lattice by
Mixing Plane Waves
18.7 Distinction between Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors
19 Simple Harmonic Motion: Damped and Forced Vibrations
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Simple Harmonic Motion
19.3 Characteristics of SHM
19.4 Linear Simple Harmonic Motion
19.5 Phasor Representation of SHM
19.6 Complex Number Notation of SHM
19.7 Velocity and Acceleration in SHM
19.8 Differential Equation of SHM
19.9 Mechanical Oscillator
19.10 Electrical Oscillator
19.11 Energy of a Simple Harmonic Oscillator
19.12 Types of Simple Harmonic Motion
19.13 Types of Damped Oscillations
19.14 Damping: Mathematical Treatment
19.15 Energy of a Damped Oscillator
19.16 Forced Oscillations
20 Non-Dispersive Waves and Introduction to Dispersion
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Classification of Waves
20.3 Wave Equation
20.4 Reflection and Transmission of Waves at a Boundary
20.5 Impedance Matching
20.6 Standing Waves and Their Eigen Frequencies
20.7 Longitudinal Waves and Their Wave Equation
20.8 Acoustic Waves and Speed of Sound
20.9 Standing Sound Waves
20.10 Waves with Dispersion
20.11 Water Waves
20.12 Superposition of Waves
20.13 Fourier Theorem
20.14 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
20.15 Transverse Non-Dispersive Wave in One-Dimension
20.16 Ultrasonic Waves
20.17 Water Waves
20.18 Transverse Dispersive Wave in One-Dimension
20.19 Harmonic Waves
20.20 Evanescent Waves: Fundamentals
21 Propagation of Light and Geometrical Optics
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Fermat’s Principle of Least Time or Stationary Time
21.3 Mirage Effect
21.4 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave
21.5 Fresnel’s Equation
21.6 Brewster’s Angle
21.7 Total Internal Reflection
21.8 Evanescent Waves or Surface Waves
21.9 Mirrors
21.10 Lenses
21.11 Cardinal Points of an Optical System
21.12 Optical Instruments
21.13 Transfer Formula
22 Wave Optics
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Huygens Principle
22.3 Principle of Superposition
22.4 Interference
22.5 Diffraction
22.6 Rayleigh Criterion
22.7 Diffraction Gratings
22.8 Mach–Zehnder Interferometer
23 Laser and Its Applications
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Principles of Laser Action
23.3 Characteristics of Laser
23.4 Einstein’s Theory of Spontaneous and Stimulated Emissions
23.5 Types of Lasers
Important Points and Formulas
Multiple Choice Questions
Review Questions
Numerical Problems
Answer Key
Lab Manual
Experiment 1 Resonance Phenomena in LCR Circuit
Experiment 2 Magnetic Field from Helmholtz Coil
Experiment 3 Coupled Oscillators
Experiment 4 Experiment on Air-Track
Experiment 5 Measurement of Moment of Inertia
Experiment 6 Experiment with Gyroscope
Experiment 7 Frank–Hertz Experiment
Experiment 8 Photoelectric Experiment: Determination of Planck’s Constant
Experiment 9 Experiment on Diffraction: Determination of Wavelength of Laser
Light Using a Diffraction Grating
Experiment 10 Experiment on Interference: Formation of Newton’s Rings
Experiment 11 Measurement of Speed of Light on a Tabletop Using Modulation
Experiment 12 Experiment to Measure Minimum Deviation of a Prism Using Spectrometer
Index